ABSTRACT
Introduction: While T-wave inversions (TWI) are associated with various pathologies, they are rarely associated with cardiac memory, termed the Chatterjee phenomenon. Case: A 76-year-old man with sick sinus syndrome with a pacemaker presented with chest tightness and new onset TWI in his precordial leads. On admission, he tested positive for COVID-19, but remained stable and only required minimal supplemental oxygen. His troponin was only slightly elevated, and EKG showed TWI throughout his precordial leads. A previous EKG had shown normal sinus rhythm without a paced rhythm or ST wave abnormalities. Interrogation of his pacemaker revealed an AV-paced rhythm. Given his chest tightness without dynamic changes in his troponin or EKG, the symptoms were considered more likely related to his COVID-19 infection, and he was discharged home. Discussion: Aberrancies in normal cardiac conduction can result in altered electrical activation, especially for those with AV pacemakers, leading some patients to develop cardiac memory, manifesting as TWI. Conclusion: AV-paced rhythm and narrow QRS complexes with TWI localized to precordial leads without evidence of active cardiac ischaemia may suggest cardiac memory, termed the Chatterjee phenomenon, requiring no invasive interventions. LEARNING POINTS: In patients with T-wave inversions, various conditions should considered in the differential diagnosis, including left bundle branch block and sick sinus syndrome, although T-wave inversions in V1-V3 are non-specific and benign.Cardiac memory, termed the Chatterjee Phenomenon, is one of the causes of T-wave inversions which is sometimes ignored.No invasive interventions are needed for T-wave inversions with the Chatterjee phenomenon.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has recently been associated with the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). This scoping review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding TCM in COVID-19 and offer future direction for study. METHODS: Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles with relevant keywords including "Takotsubo", "Stress-induced cardiomyopathy" and "COVID-19" from their inception to September 25, 2021. RESULTS: A total of 40 articles with 52 cases were included. Patients with TCM and COVID-19 showed only slight female predominance (59.6%), median age of 68.5 years, and were mostly of the apical subtype (88.6%). All-cause mortality was 36.5%. The median LVEF was 30%. Compared to those without TCM, those with TCM in COVID-19 had more critical illness, higher mortality, lower LVEF, and higher cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. Notably, the diagnostic criteria of TCM were considerably different between case reports and observational studies. CONCLUSION: This scoping review identifies that TCM in COVID-19 may have distinct features that distinguish this condition from TCM without COVID-19. Future studies are warranted to help describe risk factors, determine the utility of inflammatory biomarkers and serum catecholamine levels, and establish disease-specific diagnostic criteria.
ABSTRACT
Background COVID-19 has recently been associated with the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). This scoping review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding TCM in COVID-19 and offer future direction for study. Methods Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for all peer-reviewed articles with relevant keywords including “Takotsubo”, “Stress-induced cardiomyopathy” and “COVID-19” from their inception to September 25, 2021. Results A total of 40 articles with 52 cases were included. Patients with TCM and COVID-19 showed only slight female predominance (59.6%), median age of 68.5 years, and were mostly of the apical subtype (88.6%). All-cause mortality was 36.5%. The median LVEF was 30%. Compared to those without TCM, those with TCM in COVID-19 had more critical illness, higher mortality, lower LVEF, and higher cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers. Notably, the diagnostic criteria of TCM were considerably different between case reports and observational studies. Conclusion This scoping review identifies that TCM in COVID-19 may have distinct features that distinguish this condition from TCM without COVID-19. Future studies are warranted to help describe risk factors, determine the utility of inflammatory biomarkers and serum catecholamine levels, and establish disease-specific diagnostic criteria.